Adaptive Immunity

Water

Note Packet

Lesson

Topic

Essential Idea and Objective(s)

IB Curriculum Connections

Activities

Water Structure

Water is a polar covalent molecule which can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Describe the structure of an atom (in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons).
Contrast covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.
Write the molecular formula for water and draw the atomic structure of the molecule.
Describe the cause and effect of the polar nature of water.
Describe where and how water is able to form hydrogen bonds.

The theory that hydrogen bonds form between water molecules explains the properties of water.

List emergent properties that result from water molecules joining together via hydrogen bonds.
State why scientists cannot prove without a doubt that hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.

Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them (2.2.U1).

Use of theories to explain natural phenomena- the theory that hydrogen bonds form between water molecules explain the properties of water (2.2.NOS).

Initial Knowledge Audit (ICI)

Basics of Biochemistry notes

Types of bonds video

Chemical Bonds review

Course Source Lesson on H-bonds

Assessment questions (answers)

Water structure notes

A&B: microwaves and water structure

Frostbite Theater -Polar Molecules

Water structure review

Cohesion and Adhesion

Cohesion of water molecules creates surface tension which can support small plants and animals.

Define cohesion and surface tension.
Outline an example of the cohesive property of water being of benefit to life.

The polarity of water gives its adhesive properties that are important to exchange surfaces.

Define adhesion.
Outline an example of the adhesive property of water being of benefit to life.

Both adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel along tubes such as xylem vessels.

Explain capillary action in terms of adhesion and cohesion.
Outline how water moves into, through and out of a vascular plant.

Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water (2.2.U2).

Cohesion and adhesion notes

Cohesion and Adhesion Demos

Thermal Properties

Water has a high specific heat capacity which makes it resistant to changes in temperature.

Define specific heat capacity.
Describe why water has a high specific heat capacity.
Outline a benefit to life of water's high specific heat capacity.
Compare and contrast the physical properties of methane and water.

Explain why water and methane have different thermal properties based on their molecular structures.

Heat absorbed during the evaporation of water provides living organisms with a cooling mechanism.

Define evaporation.
Explain sweating as a mechanism to cool the body.

Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water (2.2.U2).

Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those of methane (2.2.A1).

Use of water as a coolant in sweat (2.2.A2).

Thermal properties notes

Thermal properties demos

Methane and Water comparison

Evaporative cooling notes

Evaporative cooling demo and questions

water super cool and strange (A&B)

Solvent Properties

Water acts as a solvent for ionic and polar substances.

State that polar and ionic molecules are hydrophilic.
State that non-polar, non-ionic molecules are hydrophobic.
Explain why water is such a good solvent.
List the types of molecules that water will dissolve.
Given a diagram of a molecular structure, determine if the molecule is hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
State if the following molecules are hydrophobic or hydrophilic: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride.

Blood in animals and sap in plants are mainly water and are used as transport media.

List the materials transported in xylem and phloem saps.
Outline the mechanism of transport in the blood of the following molecules: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride.

Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic (2.2.U3).

Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium in blood in relation to their solubility in water (2.2.A3).

Solubility notes #1

Solubility notes #2

Solubility review

Other Properties

Hydrogen bonds give ice an open structure with a lower density than liquid water, as a result ice will float on liquid water providing insulation for aquatic life.